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How to Buy | Brief Contents | Full Tables of Contents | About the Author | Reviews | Just Revenge Table of ContentsA FEW USEFUL WEBSITES Chapter 1: Psychology and Law: An Ambivalent Alliance A Brief History of Psychology and Law A Clash of Cultures Goals: Approximate Truth versus Justice Methods: Rulings versus Data Style of Inquiry: Advocacy versus Objectivity The Importance of Bridging the Two Cultures Roles Played by Psychologists Interested in Law Psychologists as Advisors Psychologists as Evaluators Psychologists as Reformers Pathways for Influencing the Legal System Expert Testimony Cross-Disciplinary Training Amicus Curiae Briefs Broad Dissemination of Research Findings Influencing Legislatures Has Psychology Influenced the Courts? In Conclusion
Chapter 2: Interrogations, Confessions, and Lie Detection The Power of a Confession The Evolution of Interrogation Techniques Inside the Modern Interrogation Room False Confessions Videotaped Confessions Presented at Trial Should Police be Allowed to Lie? Lie Detection Using the Polygraph The Development of the Modern Polygraph The Process of Polygraphing The Machine Questioning Procedure 1: The Relevant-Irrelevant Test Questioning Procedure 2: The Control Question Test Weaknesses of Polygraphing Techniques Research on the Polygraph Legal Status of the Polygraph An Alternative Polygraph-Based Technique: The Guilty Knowledge Test Weaknesses of the GKT The Lie Detector as Coercion Device How Jurors Respond to Polygraph Evidence The Future of Lie Detection
Chapter 3: Profiles and Syndromes The Process of Profiling Characteristics of Serial Killers Two Famous Profiles Research on Profiling Psychological Autopsies Legal Status of Psychological Autopsies Precise Profiles or Sloppy Stereotypes? Syndromes Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS) BWS and the Legal System The Scientific Validity of BWS Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS) RTS Testimony in the Courtroom Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Chapter 4: Competence and Insanity The Meaning of Legal Competence How the Criminal Justice System Deals with Incompetent Defendants Tests and Techniques for Evaluating CST The Insanity Defense The Evolution of Insanity Law Three Important Cases and Their Consequences The McNaughton Case The Durham Case The Hinkley Case Tests and Techniques for Assessing Insanity How Jurors Define Insanity The Larger Context of Insanity Law In Conclusion Chapter 5: Juries and JudgesAssembling a Jury: Pools, Venires, and Voir Dire From Jury Pool to Venire Voir Dire Cognizable Groups Using Stereotypes and Science to Select Jurors Scientific Jury Selection The Use of Trial Consultants Does Trial Consulting Work? Juror Characteristics and Attitudes as Predictors of Verdict General Personality Tendencies Attitudes about the Legal System Defendant Characteristics Defendant-Juror Similarity Basic Trial Procedure Jurors as (Biased) Information Processors Pretrial Publicity Defendant Characteristics Inadmissible and Complex Evidence The Judge's Instructions as a Source of Confusion Models of Juror Decision-Making The Group Dynamics of Jury Deliberations Strong Jurors and the Power of the Majority Stages in the Deliberation Process The Size of the Jury Decision Rules (Unanimous or Majority Rule) Jury Nullification Jury Reform Allowing Jury Discussion During Trial: The Arizona Project Judges Compared to Juries Agreement between Juries and Judges In Conclusion
Chapter 6: Memory as Evidence: Eyewitness Testimony and Child Sexual Abuse The Impact of Eyewitness Testimony The Legal System’s View of Eyewitness Testimony Exposing Eyewitness Bias at Trial The Construction and Reconstruction of Eyewitness Memories Cross-Racial Identifications Weapons Focus Unconscious Transference Leading or Suggestive Comments Pre-Existing Expectations Witness Confidence When the Eyewitness is a Child Using Research Findings to Improve Eyewitness Accuracy Rule 1: Blind Lineup Administrators Rule 2: Instructions to Eyewitnesses Rule 3: Unbiased Lineups Rule 4: Confidence Ratings Costs and Consequences of Following the 5 Rules Three More Eyewitness Safeguards Sequential Lineups Videotaping Expert Testimony Techniques for Refreshing the Memories of Witnesses Hypnosis The Cognitive Interview Memories of Child Sexual Abuse The Memories of Young Children The Daycare Center Cases Testimony by Children at Trial Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse The Ingram Case Were the Memories Created or Recovered? Research on Implanting False Memories In Conclusion
Chapter 7: Predicting Behavior: Risk Assessment and Child Custody Decisions Assessing the Risk of Violence The Evolution of Research on Risk Assessment The List of Risk Factors Historical Markers Dynamic Markers Risk Management Markers Helping Clinicians Use the Markers Juror's Reactions to Risk Assessment Evidence Treatment to Reduce the Risk of Violence
Child Custody and Parental Competence The Evolution of Child Custody Standards Research on Children's Responses to Divorce The Psychologist's Contribution to Custody Decisions Custody Mediation as an Alternative to Litigation In Conclusion
Chapter 8: Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness The Evolution of Sexual Discrimination Law Sexual Harassment: Prevalence and Perceptions The Legal Boundaries of Sexual Harassment Current Status of Harassment Law Sexual Harassment Lawsuits The Psychology of Sexual Harassment Some Causes Some Effects Prevention A Broader Look at Workplace Discrimination Racial Discrimination in the Workplace The Psychology of Perceived Fairness Three Models for Allocating Rewards Research on Perceptions of Fairness In Conclusion
Chapter 9: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and the Death Penalty Sentencing Decisions Disparities and Guidelines Imprisonment The Goals of Imprisonment The Early History of Prisons The Evolution of the American Prison The 1800s The 1900s Prisoner Rights and the Role of the Courts Some Statistics on Prisons and Prisoners Who Goes to Prisons Gender Race The Distinctive Culture of Prison The Power of the Prison Situation The Harsh Realities of Prison Life Violence and Threats of Violence Gangs Drugs Does Prison Work? Alternatives to Prison The Death Penalty Supreme Court Decisions Research on Capital Murder Trials and the Court's Response Juror Decision-Making in the Penalty Phase Racial Disparities and the Death Penalty The Death Penalty as a Deterrent to Murder Errors and Mistakes in Death Penalty Cases In Conclusion
Glossary of Key Legal Terms References
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