Daniel Patrick Moynihan observed:  “Some . . .  deny the existence of evil and others the existence of grace.  The art of  politics is to live with the reality of both.” Although politics often involves self-interest, Americans believe in ideals greater than their own gain. Public debates involve deliberation, that is, reasoning on the merits of policy. And citizens make sacrifices for one another and their country -- as a glance at any military cemetery will confirm.  With these thoughts in mind, we take a realistic overview of American politics, with several major themes. One is the meaning of citizenship and its connection to deliberation and community service.  A second is the continuing relevance of the Declaration of Independence.  Historian Pauline Maier has called it "American Scripture," and since 1776, Americans have argued about its meaning.  A third is the central role of religion in America political life.  Tocqueville said that religion is the first of our political institutions, and we shall ponder what he meant by that.

The course also aims to:

• Help you understand past and present political events.
• Lay the groundwork for further study of government.
• Sharpen your thinking, writing, and speaking.

Classes

Classes will include lecture and discussion.  Finish the readings before class because our discussions will involve those readings.  We shall also talk about breaking news, so you must read a good news source such as the RealClearPolitics or Politico
 

Grades

The following will make up your course grade: 

• Three 4-page papers.................20% each
• One sit-down final.....................30%

• Class participation and blog.......10%

• The papers will develop your skills in writing, research, and political analysis.  When grading, I do take the quality of writing into account, applying the standards of Strunk and White.  If you object to this approach, do not take this course – or anything else that I teach.

• The final examination will test your factual knowledge and comprehension of the readings.

• In addition to the required readings (below), I may also give you handouts and web links covering current events and basic factual information.  The final will cover this material.

• Class participation will hone your ability to think on your feet.  This grade hinges on class discussions.  I will call on students at random, and if you often miss sessions or fail to prepare, your grade will suffer.

• As a courtesy to your fellow students, please arrive promptly and refrain from eating in class.

• Carefully check the due dates for papers, as well as the date of the final exam.  Arrange your schedule accordingly.  Do not plan on seeking extensions or make-up work.

• Plagiarism will mean referral to the Academic Standards Committee.

Required Books

• Joseph M. Bessette and John J. Pitney, Jr. , American Government and Politics: Deliberation, Democracy, and Citizenship, election update (Boston: Wadsworth, 2012).

• Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay, The Federalist Papers (New York: Signet, 2003  [1788]).

• William Strunk and E. B. White, The Elements of Style, 4th ed.  (New York:  Simon and Schuster, 1999).

• Alexis deTocqueville, Democracy in America, trans. George Lawrence, ed. J.P. Mayer (New York: Harper Perennial Modern Classics, [1835/40]).  Please use the Lawrence/Mayer edition, which has gone through several printings.  Other translations have different wording, which would cause confusion.
   

Schedule (Subject to change, with advance notice).

In addition to the readings below, I may also supply you with various handouts and Internet links.

Jan 18: Introduction

"This is the source of our confidence -- the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.  This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed, why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall; and why a man whose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served in a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath."  -- President Obama, inaugural address, January 20, 2009

Jan 23, 25:  The American Political Order

"Thomas Jefferson wrote the most important words in American history: `all men are created equal.' Jefferson was also a slave owner, which made him a hypocrite. But the fact that Jefferson was living a life that was at odds with his principles doesn’t invalidate and shouldn't weaken the principle; it only means that we, as fallen creatures, need to strive harder to live up to what we know to be right." -- Peter Wehner

• Bessette, preface and ch. 1.
• Declaration of Independence, at Bessette, pp. 615-618
• Martin Luther King, "I Have a Dream," at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm

Jan 30, Feb 1: The Constitution

"So, for the benefit for those that are not going to read it because they don’t want us to go by the Constitution, there’s a little section in there that talks about life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." -- Herman Cain 

• Bessette, ch. 2.
• The Constitution, at Bessette, pp. 619-623.
• Hamilton, Federalist # 1, 9, 10, 47, 48, 51.
• U.S. Constitution Center, "Things That Are Not In the Constitution."

FIRST ESSAY ASSIGNED FEBRUARY 1, DUE FEBRUARY 15

Feb 6, 8: Federalism

"It is one of the happy incidents of the federal system that a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country." -- Louis Brandeis

• Bessette, ch. 3.
• Hamilton, Federalist # 5, 6, 7, 8, 39, 45, 46

Feb 13, 15:  American Citizenship

"I hereby declare, on oath, that I absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty of whom or which I have heretofore been a subject or citizen; that I will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States of America against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I will bear arms on behalf of the United States when required by law; that I will perform noncombatant service in the Armed Forces of the United States when required by the law; that I will perform work of national importance under civilian direction when required by the law; and that I take this obligation freely without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; so help me God. In acknowledgement whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature." -- The oath of naturalization

• Bessette, ch. 4.
• Tocqueville, pp. 231-245.

Feb 20, 22:  American Civic Culture

“I sought for the greatness and genius of America in her commodious harbors and her ample rivers—and it was not there . . . in her fertile fields and boundless forests and it was not there . . . in her rich mines and her vast world commerce—and it was not there . . . in her democratic Congress and her matchless Constitution—and it was not there. Not until I went into the churches of America and heard her pulpits flame with righteousness did I understand the secret of her genius and power. America is great because she is good, and if America ever ceases to be good, she will cease to be great.”  -- Not Alexis deTocqueville 

• Bessette, ch. 5.
• Tocqueville, 246-315.

SECOND ESSAY ASSIGNED FEBRUARY 22, DUE MARCH 7

Feb 27, 29:  Civil Liberties and Civil Rights

District Attorney:  “Where does it say that you have the right to kick down doors, torture suspects, deny medical attention and legal counsel? Where have you been? Does Escobedo ring a bell? Miranda? Why surely you've heard of the Fourth Amendment?  What I'm saying is that man had rights.”

Dirty Harry: “Well, I'm all broken up over that man's rights.” -- from Dirty Harry

• Bessette, ch. 6-7
• Federalist # 84

Mar 5, 7: Public Opinion, Political Participation and Interest Groups

"`This is a very good time to be a Democratic lobbyist . . . it's incredibly exciting to be able to engage with Democrats and really see things happen,' Podesta says one afternoon at her office in one of those cool, restored red-brick buildings on E Street. 'It's always a good time to be Heather Podesta.'" -- Washington Post, 8/23/09

• Bessette, ch. 8-9
• Tocqueville, pp. 513-517.

Mar 12, 14: Spring Break

Mar 19, 21: Parties and Elections

"[D]ivide their county into small districts, and to appoint in each a subcommittee, whose duty it shall be to make a perfect list of all the voters in their respective districts, and to ascertain with certainty for whom they will vote. If they meet with men who are doubtful as to the man they will support, such voters should be designated in separate lines, with the name of the man they will probably support." -- Abraham Lincoln, 1840

• Bessette, ch. 10-11.
• Tocqueville, 174-179

THIRD ESSAY ASSIGNED MARCH 21, DUE APRIL 4

Mar 26, 28:  Mass Media

"Follow the money." -- Not "Deep Throat"

• Bessette, ch. 12.
• Tocqueville, pp. 180-188.
• Aaron Smith, "The Internet and Campaign 2010," Pew Internet and American Life Project, 2011, at http://pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2011/Internet%20and%20Campaign%202010.pdf

Apr 2, 4: Congress

"But we have to pass the bill so that you can find out what is in it, away from the fog of the controversy." -- Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) 

• Bessette, ch. 13
• Hamilton, Federalist # 57, 63.
• Tocqueville, 196-203, 497-500

Apr 9, 11:  The Presidency

“Sixteen hundred Pennsylvania Avenue is 18 acres of sheer utopia, and like Utopia it can be isolated from reality quickly." -- Karl Rove

• Bessette, ch. 14
• Hamilton, Federalist # 70, 71, 73
• Tocqueville, pp. 121-138.

Apr 16, 18  Judiciary

"I was convinced that the law compelled a result that I would have opposed if I were a legislator." -- Justice John Paul Stevens, explaining why he backed decisions with "unwise" outcomes.

• Bessette, ch. 16
• Federalist # 78.
• Tocqueville, pp. 99-104

Apr 23, 25: Bureaucracy and Public Policy I

"I mean, if you think about -- if you think about it, UPS and FedEx are doing just fine, right? No, they are. It's the Post Office that's always having problems." -- President Obama, health insurance town hall, August 11, 2009

• Bessette, ch. 15, 17.

 Apr 30, May 2:  Bureaucracy and Public Policy II

"IRS Commissioner Douglas Shulman said in an interview that he does not prepare his own taxes because he finds the tax code `complex.'" -- Politics Daily, 1/12/10

• Bessette, ch. 18-19.